502UP: Underpayment of Estimated Maryland Income Tax by Individuals (2025)
Maryland · Comptroller of Maryland · Used for tax years 2025
Maryland Form 502UP calculates an individual's underpayment of estimated income tax and any interest due for 2025. It compares required payments with estimated tax payments and Maryland tax withheld for each installment period.
Who files this form
For tax year 2025, complete and submit Form 502UP with your Maryland tax return if you believe you owe underpayment interest, or if you believe no interest is due because your income was received unevenly during the year.
The instructions require estimated payments and Form PV when income without enough Maryland withholding is expected to produce more than $500 in tax beyond the withholding. Missing required filing or payment dates, or paying below the required amounts, can lead to penalty and interest.
Do not file Form 502UP if either exception applies:
- Your tax liability on gross income after Maryland withholding is $500 or less.
- You made four quarterly payments as required, each at least one-fourth of either 110% of last year's taxes or 90% of the current year's taxes.
You may also let Maryland calculate the interest. Complete your return as usual without Form 502UP, and you will be notified of any interest due.
When it's due
Estimated tax installment due dates printed for tax year 2025:
- First installment: April 15, 2025.
- Second installment: June 15, 2025.
- Third installment: September 15, 2025.
- Fourth installment: January 15, 2026.
Special deadlines for farmers and fishermen, tax year 2025: If farming or fishing accounts for at least two-thirds of your total estimated gross income, your 2025 declaration and full estimated tax payment are due by January 15, 2026. Instead, you may file your full annual return and pay the full tax by March 1, 2026.
What you'll need
Have these forms and figures available to complete Form 502UP:
- Your 2025 Maryland return, including the applicable income, tax, and refundable credit amounts from Form 502, 505, or 505NR.
- Your 2024 Form 502 or 505 and any applicable credits from 2024 Form 502CR. Include additional tax from a corrected or amended 2024 return.
- Your income amounts for the periods shown on the form, including receipt dates if you choose to use actual income timing.
- Estimated tax payment amounts and dates, Maryland withholding amounts, and any nonresident tax paid on your behalf by an S corporation, partnership, or limited liability company.
- Form 502TP amounts and your applicable tax rates if you have tax preference items.
- Your name and Social Security number, plus your spouse's information if applicable.
How to file
Attach Form 502UP to your Maryland Form 502, 505, or 515 and submit it with your tax return. The supplied text does not provide a mailing address or e-file directions.
- Complete Lines 1 through 10 to find the minimum required withholding and estimated tax.
- Complete Lines 11 through 15 to find underpayments for each period.
- Complete Lines 16 through 18 to calculate interest, using an adjusted interest factor when the instructions call for one.
- Enter the total interest in the appropriate box on Line 51 of Form 502 or Line 54 of Form 505, and include it in your total payment with the return.
If Line 18 is zero because your income was received unevenly, enter code 301 on a line marked “code numbers” on Form 502, 505, or 515 and attach Form 502UP.
Common mistakes
- Skipping the instructions. The form specifically says to review them before completing it, including the special rules for farmers, fishermen, and income taxable by another state.
- Leaving out additional 2024 tax. If your 2024 tax was corrected or amended, include any additional tax when calculating the year's total for Line 9a.
- Using separate, noncumulative entries on Lines 11 and 14. Each successive column must include the amounts from earlier columns, as directed in the instructions.
- Using later overpayments to erase earlier underpayments. Overpayments in later quarters cannot offset underpayments in previous quarters.
- Ignoring a partial month when adjusting interest. The instructions say to treat a partial month as one month.
Questions people ask
What if this is my first time filing?
On Line 10, a first-time filer enters the amount from Line 8 rather than the smaller of Lines 8 and 9b.
Can I use the actual dates I received income?
Yes. For Line 11, you may report income based on actual receipt dates. Use income received from January 1 through March 31, May 31, and August 31 in the first three columns, respectively, and 100% of your income in the fourth column.
What if my income is taxable by another state?
If at least 90% of your taxable income is taxable by another state and your underpayment is no greater than the local tax, no interest is due and Form 502UP is not required. Enter code 302 on a line marked “code numbers” on Form 502, 505, or 515 to claim this exemption.
Is there a special code for farmers and fishermen?
Yes. Enter code 300 on a line marked “code numbers” on Form 502, 505, or 515 to claim the farming or fishing interest exemption or use the special calculation. Attach Form 502UP if you use the special calculation.