45-008: IA 2210F Underpayment of Estimated Tax by Farmers and Fishers 45-008 (2025)
Iowa · Iowa DOR · Used for tax years 2025
The 2025 Iowa IA 2210F helps farmers and fishers determine whether they sufficiently paid their Iowa income tax through withholding and estimated payments. It calculates any underpayment and related penalty and helps determine whether a penalty exemption applies.
Who files this form
Use the 2025 IA 2210F if farming or fishing income makes up at least two-thirds of your gross annual income from all sources, as defined in Treasury Regulation § 1.6073-1(b).
The form helps you determine whether you paid enough Iowa income tax through withholding and installment payments, and whether you are exempt from an underpayment penalty. The form refers to IRS Publication 505 (2025) for help determining whether you meet the farming and fishing income test.
When it's due
For tax year 2025, the form lists these payment and filing dates:
- April 30: The instructions state that calendar-year filers required to file IA 1040ES generally pay in four installments, with the first installment due April 30.
- January 15, 2026: File the installment and pay the tax in full as one way to avoid the general installment filing requirement. Line 7 includes 2025 withholding and amounts paid or credited by this date.
- March 1, 2026: Alternatively, file your return and pay the tax in full by this date. If you meet the farming and fishing income test, check the exception box and enter zero on line 10.
- April 30, 2026: For the penalty calculation, count days from January 15, 2026, to the payment date or April 30, 2026, whichever is earlier.
If a due date falls on a weekend or holiday as defined in Iowa Code section 421.9A, use the next regular business day.
What you'll need
Have these returns and payment details available to complete the form:
- Your 2025 IA 1040, including line 18 and refundable credits on lines 23 through 27.
- Your 2024 IA 1040 tax liability and refundable credit amounts for line 5. The form uses line 18 minus the credits on lines 23 through 27.
- Your Iowa tax withholding for 2025 and amounts paid or credited by January 15, 2026.
- The date you paid the tax, if you need to calculate a penalty.
- Your name and Social Security number.
How to file
Include IA 2210F with your tax return. Enter the penalty from line 10 on IA 1040, line 35, and check the box on that line even if the calculated penalty is zero.
If you meet the farming and fishing income test and filed your return and paid any tax due by March 1, 2026, check the exception box at the top of IA 2210F and the box on IA 1040, line 35. Go to line 10 and enter zero.
The supplied text does not give a mailing address or e-filing instructions.
Common mistakes
- Leaving the IA 1040 checkbox blank because the penalty is zero. The form says to check the box on IA 1040, line 35, even when the calculated penalty is zero.
- Not including IA 2210F with the return. The form specifically instructs you to include it.
- Overlooking the exception checkbox. If you qualify for the March 1, 2026 filing-and-payment exception, check the box at the top of IA 2210F and enter zero on line 10.
- Ignoring the weekend and holiday rule. When a due date falls on a qualifying weekend or holiday, substitute the next regular business day.
Questions people ask
How much must I pay to avoid an underpayment penalty?
Your timely 2025 estimated payments plus Iowa tax withheld for 2025 must equal at least the smaller of 66.7% of the tax shown on your 2025 return or 100% of the tax shown on your 2024 return. The 2024 return must have covered 12 months, or would have covered 12 months if you had been required to file.
How do I calculate my 2024 tax for line 5?
Subtract the total refundable credits on your 2024 IA 1040, lines 23 through 27, from the tax liability on line 18.
How is the penalty calculated?
Multiply the underpayment on line 8 by the number of days on line 9 and the daily percentage rate. For the 2025 form's penalty calculation, count from January 15, 2026, to the payment date or April 30, 2026, whichever is earlier. The listed rate is 0.027397% per day, equivalent to 10% per year, for January 1 through December 31, 2026.
Can the penalty be waived?
The penalty may be waived if the underpayment was due to casualty, disaster, or other unusual circumstances. It may also be waived if you retired at age 62 or later, or became disabled, during the tax year for which estimated payments were required, and the underpayment was due to reasonable cause rather than willful neglect.